What is the difference between dumping and subsidies And what is to be Assignment

What is the difference between dumping and subsidies And what is to be established in every subsidy and dumping investigation - Assignment Example Some of the common subsidies may include loans at low interest rates, grants, and tax incentives. The amount of goods that have been subsidized may be offset through applying the countervailing duty (Giannakopoulos, 2004). In every subsidy and dumping investigation, it is to be established whether an industry has been injured or threatened with a material injury by the imported products. In addition, it must establish whether the industry has become materially retarded because of the imports that are under investigation which have been sold at lower prices than the fair value in the local market or subsidized. In case the investigations turn negative, the case is terminated. However, in case the investigations turn negative, the extent of injury is determined whether it is negligible (Bentley & Silberston, 2007). In case it’s not, a countervailing duty is issued and enforced by the custom Service. Bentley,  P., & Silberston,  A. (2007). Anti-dumping and countervailing action: Limits imposed by economic and legal theory. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=G9hj0R3iqqMC&pg=PA2&dq=Anti-dumping+and+countervailing+action:+Limits+imposed+by+economic+and+legal+theory&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2fJvVeD8EOiX7QbKyYPoAg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Anti-dumping%20and%20countervailing%20action%3A%20Limits%20imposed%20by%20economic%20and%20legal%20theory&f=false Giannakopoulos,  T.  K. (2004). Safeguarding companies rights in competition and anti-dumping/anti-subsidies proceedings. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Retrieved from

Perception Towards Successful Brand Essay Example for Free

Perception Towards Successful Brand Essay Rev. of â€Å"Building Brands Without Mass Media.† Joachimsthaler, Erich, and David A. Aaker. Harvard Business Review 3 March 2009: 4-6. Print. In this article, the authors emphasize that a company must have a clear brand identity with depth and texture so it will not convey confuse messages to customers. Also, they provide some marketing strategies for the brands to set up a clear and effective brand identity. Besides, they illustrate six companies that have a strong and clear brand identity in which The Body Shop and Haggen-Dazs are examined in detail. Apart from these, they use various examples to demonstrate the operations of The Body Shop and Haggen-Dazs. Last but not least, they have compared The Body Shop and Haggen-Dazs with their competitors. Lastly, they discuss the advertising methods of Haggen-Dazs in which they think the Farggi strategy that can confuse the customers the most. (Melanie) Hartman, Cathy L., and Caryn L. Beck-Dudley. â€Å"Marketing Strategies and the Search for Virtue: A Case Analysis of The Body Shop, International.† Journal of Business Ethics 20.3 (1999): 253-257. Print. In this journal, the authors use some historical examples to discuss three organizational virtues—excellence, integrity and judgment in which they think that the virtues are now defined and extended to community, membership and holism. Most importantly, they believe that the virtues are now widely applied in the companies. However, they agree with the researchers that it is difficult to theorize the concept of community. Besides, they use the founder of The Body Shop—Anita Roddick as the main example to illustrate the virtues can be utilized in a big company in multifarious aspects. (Melanie) Salver, Jessica. Brand Management in the Hotel Industry and its Potential for Achieving Customer Loyalty. Germany: GRIN Verlag, 2009. Print. In this book, the author mainly discusses some product requirements for a brand to become successful. Although it is not her intention to suggest that a brand will not become successful without the listed requirements, she examines numerous factors that can build up a successful brand in detail, such as high and differentiated demand for product class, the product is easy to identify and product quality is easy to maintain. Also, she has used The Body Shop and McDonald as the examples to explain her factors in detail. Besides, she believes that if the brand offers a reasonable price for the customers, they will certainly buy the products. Rev. of Starbucks: Delivering Customer Service. Moon, Youngme, and John Quelch. Harvard Business Review 10 July 2006: 3-4. Print. In this book, the authors have used Starbucks as an example to evaluate the value proposition and they use â€Å"live coffee† to describe the national coffee culture of it. Also, they use three components to illustrate the branding strategy of it. For example, it imports the best coffee beans from the world, develops a close intimacy with the customer and creates a good atmosphere. Besides, they discuss the locations of the Starbucks in which they are usually located in high-traffic and high-visibility places, such as commercial centers and universities. In addition, they investigate different products and the welfares of the employees in the Starbucks. Adubato, Steve. You Are the Brand. Canada: Rutgers University Press, 2011. Print. In this book, the author uses his personal experience to show Starbucks is not an accidental brand and it does not really keep a connection with customers. However, he agrees that Starbucks has built on â€Å"comfortable† and â€Å"familiar† for him in the end of the chapter. Besides, he believes Starbucks’ reputations are built on the word of mouth from the customers and excellent services from the employees. In addition, he has cited the book from the original chairman and CEO of Starbucks to demonstrate the objectives of the company and the reasons that it starts to lose customers. Lastly, although he laments the Starbucks has become more commercial, he still enjoys his leisure time in it.

tribute to the nice guys :: essays research papers

this is a tribute to the nice guys. The nice guys that finish last, that never become more than friends, that endure hours of whining and bitching about what assholes guys are, while disproving the very point. This is dedicated to those guys who always provide a shoulder to lean on but restrain themselves to tentative hugs, those guys who hold open doors and give reassuring pats on the back and sit patiently outside the changing room at department stores. This is in honor of the guys that obligingly reiterate how cute/beautiful/smart/funny/sexy their female friends are at the appropriate moment, because they know most girls need that litany of support. This is in honor of the guys with open minds, with laid-back attitudes, with honest concern. This is in honor of the guys who respect a girl’s every facet, from her privacy to her theology to her clothing style. This is for the guys who escort their drunk, bewildered female friends back from parties and never take advantage once they’re at her door, for the guys who accompany girls to bars as buffers against the rest of the creepy male population, for the guys who know a girl is fishing for compliments but give them out anyway, for the guys who always play by the rules in a game where the rules favor cheaters, for the guys who are accredited as boyfriend material but somehow don’t end up being boyfriends, for all the nice guys who are overlooked, underestimated, and unappreciated, for all the nice guys who are manipulated, misled, and unjustly abandoned, this is for you. This is for that time she left 40 urgent messages on your cell phone, and when you called her back, she spent three hours painstakingly dissecting two sentences her boyfriend said to her over dinner. And even though you thought her boyfriend was a chump and a jerk, you assured her that it was all ok and she sho uldn’t worry about it. This is for that time she interrupted the best killing spree you’d ever orchestrated in GTA3 to rant about a rumor that romantically linked her and the guy she thinks is the most repulsive person in the world. And even though you thought it was immature and you had nothing against the guy, you paused the game for two hours and helped her concoct a counter-rumor to spread around the floor.

Judaism Reflection Paper

There are many different ways of practicing Judaism that are amongst us today, and many different types of people that practice them. The aspects that I find to be significant and interesting in Judaism are Hanukkah, a Bar Mitzvah, and The Kashrut. There are many more aspects of Judaism that amuse me, and there are many that I might question if I thought about converting; however, these are the aspects that I believe to be some of the most widely known traditions throughout the world. My favorite part of Judaism that I would have no problem indulging in would have to be a young man’s Bar Mitzvah.A Bar Mitzvah is a rite of passage for a 13 year old boy to become a man. Why is this something to look forward to? Because for a young boys Bar Mitzvah the boy usually gets a large amount of money. Now this money doesn’t come in ones and fives; however, it is known to come in six to seven figures all together. This may be frowned upon if you have an older sister; however, she w ill get a little bit of reward once she becomes a â€Å"woman. † Another part of Judaism that really fascinated me had to have been the Laws of Kashrut. Also read: Martial Law Reflection PaperMost commonly known for not being able to mix dairy with meat, but there are other ways to make food Kosher as well. Such as pork and shellfish, these are forbidden foods in the Judaism community. Along with those, all blood must be drained before cooking and eating, for blood is sacred to God. It is amazing that even some even keep separate fridges, sinks, tables, and utensils to avoid the mixing of their meat and dairy products. Even though these ways of life may seem strict and harsh, not all Jews practice them. Most American Jews actually perform The Kashrut in small ways.For example, they may buy pre-maid kosher food to substitute for going full on Kosher. Most major brands even put marking on their products to let us know if the item is kosher or not. The last major part of Judaism that caught my eye had to be the practice of â€Å"Holy Days† in Judaism. Jewish people practice many holy days such as Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Sukkot , Hanukkah, Purim, and Pesach (Passover). The most widely recognized holy days in Judaism are Hanukkah and Pesach. Hanukkah has to be the one that amuses me the most due to the fact that it s an eight night event. Hanukkah is a spread over eight-day event made to commemorate the rededication of the  Holy Temple in Jerusalem. An added tradition is that over the eight days of Hanukkah the children get a gift each night of the holiday. Although there are many important and fascinating aspects of Judaism that I left out, and many that I may not agree with. I still find Judaism to be a very interesting religion, and will have to put it on my bucket list to go a Jewish Temple in the future. As they say in Hebrew â€Å"Leheim! †

The role of the teaching assistant in developing childrens learning

Historically, learning helpers, or aides as they were sometimes once known, were non learning grownups who helped qualified instructors by transporting out twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours preparatory and administrative undertakings and supplying pastoral attention to kids. ( Clayton. 1993 ) However, in 1998, the Local Government Chronicle published a sum-up of a Green Paper, ( LGC, 1998 ) , in which they outlined proposals for using a greater figure of support staff – 20,000 by the twelvemonth 2002 – in order to supply more support for instructors. The sum-up besides announced the authorities ‘s suggestions for a â€Å" more effectual usage of, and better preparation for, learning helpers and other school support staff † which, along with a subsequent OfSTED reappraisal, ( 2002a, p6 ) declared the demand for preparation that would, â€Å" fit any proposed construction of makings and to ease calling patterned advance. † The execution of nationa l occupational criterions for learning helpers, approved in 2001, and the HLTA position introduced in 2003, ( TDA, 2008 ) offered committed support staff the chance to come on and get the accomplishments to go more complete pedagogues. Working as a instruction helper started to go a calling and so began the existent argument about the function of the instruction helper. As with many occupation rubrics within the working environment, the rubric instruction helper is frequently interpreted in a assortment of ways but one common subject I have encountered, when oppugning educational staff, is that all learning helpers have the possible to be facilitators of acquisition and therefore are indispensable elements in the development of larning for kids. How the facilitation is carried out, nevertheless, is less clear and unfastened to single reading by both employers and employees. In order to back up the acquisition of all kids, learning helpers, like any pedagogue, need to hold a good apprehension of how kids learn. In the book, Teaching and Learning in the Early Old ages, Whitebread ( 2008, chapter 1 ) discusses Piaget ‘s thoughts that kids need to experience and keep control over their acquisition. Whitebread continues by researching Vygotsy ‘s claims that it is the function of the grownup to supply chances for societal interaction and to back up the kid in traveling out of their comfort zone or â€Å" degree of existent development † and towards their possible via their â€Å" zone of proximal development. † To make this, a instruction helper must understand how to advance wonder amongst kids while supplying chances for treatment and geographic expedition. With current category sizes in the part of up to 30 students, a category instructor will frequently be unable to prosecute in this critical facet of developing kids ‘s acq uisition and so it is indispensable that back uping grownups are equipped with the accomplishments to â€Å" scaffold † larning and to supply chances for them to develop the linguistic communication needed to be able to discourse and explicate their thoughts. ( Bruner 1983, cited in Peabody Journal of Education, pp 64-66 ) Recently I was fortunate to be portion of an enterprise to advance reading amongst a group of loath students who had formulated an sentiment that reading was a job to be undertaken with animus and merely when instructed to make so. Upon probe, it was obvious that these kids had encountered a assortment of barriers that had influenced their attitude and ability to read. My function was that of the â€Å" enabling grownup † as described by Chambers ( 1991 ) . By supplying them with an chance to portion and discourse each other ‘s reading experiences I was able to advance and animate in them a willingness and enjoyment of reading. The result of this rapidly became evident in their apprehension of written text. The kids besides began composing with enthusiasm, utilizing their ain cognition and experiences ; as a consequence, they had taken control of their ain acquisition. The kids ‘s vocal responses demonstrated that they felt empowered by the fact that they were stra ight responsible for the advancement that they were doing and they continue to bask our hebdomadal treatments about their reading and advancement. The kids mentioned do non hold particular educational demands, as is frequently the instance for students being supported by a instruction helper. Children with SEN necessitate a higher degree of support and this has, traditionally, been provided by learning helpers. ( Alborz et al, 2009a ) This has antecedently been an country for argument with The Daily Telegraph ( 2009 ) printing an article claiming that research shows that, â€Å" Students make less advancement in schoolrooms where schools employ more teaching helpers † . This article states that learning helpers frequently support lower attaining students, ensuing in them being less supported by a qualified instructor and to them doing limited advancement. The article does non, nevertheless, take into history the preparation of the instruction helpers. While reexamining the impact of work force remodeling, a study by OfSTED ( 2004 ) stated that when a instruction helper is appointed to work with carefully chosen students and is provided with the appropriate preparation to make so efficaciously, the students make important advancement. This is, of class, every bit good as the obvious benefits of supplying the instructor with more clip to concentrate on other students. Having worked alongside several learning helpers employed to back up kids with SEN I have witnessed the unmeasurable benefit to the student and the category as a whole. The instruction helpers enabled the students to be included in a mainstream schoolroom and entree the course of study, while leting the category instructor to back up the bulk of the students. Their support involved the re-enforcing of the whole category instruction, giving the student the assurance to take part in category treatments, simplification of vocabulary, offering congratulations and encouragement and feedback on the completed undertaking. Following the lesson, the instruction helper besides provided the instructor with appraisal and monitoring feedback to enable appraisal of and for larning. This appraisal has become a critical facet of the function of the instruction helper and supports the instructor and student by enabling distinction and personalised larning to go every twenty-four hours pattern. ( OfST ED, 2002b ) Guidance published by the NFER ( 2002, cited in Department for Education and Skills, 2005, p.22 ) found that when instructors and learning helpers work in partnership, the consequences are a more effectual degree of learning and larning. An illustration of this is a scenario I have experienced late where a instruction helper supported the acquisition of the bulk of the category while the category instructor focused on the kids with SEN. As a consequence of the instructor and instruction helper holding spent clip working together to be after the lesson, the instruction helper was able to back up the acquisition aims and help students in their accomplishment of them. Teaching helpers can besides, when included in the planning of a lesson, actively take part in the bringing of the lesson supplying an alternate point of view or by playing a character in function. One such illustration was provided by my co-worker who, upon gaining that many of the students within the category had misunderstood a cardinal construct, pretended to be confused and raised a manus to inquire for elucidation. As a consequence, students developed a clearer apprehension of the lesson and hence, the instruction helper had played an of import function in developing their acquisition. By implementing a combination of all of these attacks and with effectual preparation and counsel, learning helpers can supply priceless support for all kids within any lesson. Teaching helpers besides back up behavior direction within categories and can supply an alternate degree of perceptual experience within the schoolroom. In day-to-day Literacy lessons, I have observed a instruction helper back uping a student with ADHD and have no uncertainty that without her presence, the category instructor would hold to pass a big proportion of the lesson settling the kid and turn toing low degree distractions. Personal experience has shown me that kids with emotional or behavioral troubles are frequently more antiphonal towards a instruction helper with whom they can hammer a positive grownup / kid relationship. This can lend towards the societal and emotional well-being of the kid as outlined by Alborz et Al. ( 2009b ) . Besides the chance to back up kids ‘s larning during lesson clip, learning helpers continue to transport out a battalion of administrative undertakings in order to back up the category instructor and the school as a whole. The National Agreement, ( ATL et al. 2003, p.2 ) , implemented as portion of the authoritiess workforce remodelling enterprise, states that instructors should non pass their clip transporting out administrative duties that do non do full usage of their accomplishments and expertness but that these undertakings should be carried out by support staff. The understanding outlines 21 undertakings that learning staff should non be required to transport out including the readying of schoolroom resources, run offing, the aggregation of monies for educational visit and the readying and puting up of shows. These undertakings must besides, hence, be considered the duty of the instruction helper. Each and every one of the administrative undertakings has an impact on the educational environment and hence contributes towards back uping the development of kids ‘s acquisition. In pattern, nevertheless, the demand for learning helpers to be more involved in the bringing of lessons certainly means that they excessively will hold less clip for transporting out administrative responsibilities which in bend might relay these responsibilities back into the custodies of the instructors. In my experience, learning helpers frequently offer unconditioned support for the school in which they are employed. Many carry out responsibilities beyond their working hours supplying curriculum enrichment activities and on a regular basis being at the head of fund raising events. They often are able to supply a connexion between local communities and their schools as they frequently live in close propinquity to their workplace. This is a non indispensable yet valuable portion of their function as it enables learning staff to be cognizant of local issues and provides a nexus between parents and schools. ( Lipsett, 2008 ) In decision, the function of the instruction helper has evolved significantly over recent old ages and can offer committed persons with a recognized calling that is both progressive and honoring. With appropriate professional development chances, a instruction helper can give priceless support to persons and groups of students, learning staff, parents and schools. By supplying pastoral attention, administrative support and personalised larning they can, every bit outlined in the Governments Every Child Matters enterprise ( DfES, 2003 ) , promote enjoyment and accomplishment in a safe, nurturing environment ; contribute to the academic and emotional well-being of all kids ; assist them to go successful members of the school and wider community.

Hire Essay Writer Online and Create Opportunities All Over the Globe

Hire Essay Writer Online and Create Opportunities All Over the Globe Hire Essay Writer Online and Create Opportunities All Over the Globe If you are thinking you might hire essay writer for your next paper, there may be one reason you have not considered. In addition to convenience and time savings, hiring an essay writer helps the global community. You may be assisting those in less prosperous or developing countries with earning income and improving their lives, here is how: Global Workers Earn Money Online Global workers are able to access work that pays more than what they find in their own country. Higher pay increases their standard of living and may help to support their family. Global Workers Learn and Continue Developing Their Skills In order to become academic writers and find higher paying projects, online workers are encouraged to constantly improve their skills. The job market in their community may not offer them neither opportunities for advancement nor an incentive to improve and gain knowledge. The very nature of online work demands skilled workers so they must improve their skills to stay in the market. When many workers in one country improve their skills and become more advanced, the country on the whole improves. This way, when you hire an essay writer online, you are contributing to the advancement of others and their countries. Global Workers Learn to Operate Globally These workers may not have any other reasons to advance their skills if not for online work. Working online allows them to live in and experience a work environment that is more sophisticated than they have locally. They need to learn to use the Internet for research and learning. They find out how to maneuver online work platforms such as mTurk and Upwork. They learn to use a myriad of software and apps, such as a word processor and grammar apps. They get to know the rules and processes used in more highly developed countries, thereby preparing them for more advanced careers. Global Work Gives Opportunities to Younger Disadvantaged Workers Online payment platforms such as Payoneer transfer income to prepaid cards that can be used to shop or withdraw cash. This allows disadvantaged young people to benefit because the disadvantaged are unlikely to have a bank account. In this way global work minimizes financial barriers and helps disadvantaged workers. Global Work Offers Women to Work Flexibly While Caring for Children Women with children in developing countries are often obligated to care for their children without assistance. Online work allows women to work from home performing work with flexible hours, giving them an opportunity to earn income where none existed before. Global Work Encourages Goal Setting and Self-Improvement Once these workers realize there is a way for them to advance they become encouraged and begin to see more opportunities and possibilities. They may set other financial or academic goals to improve their lives and the life of their families. Giving someone the opportunity to write your paper gives them more then just a job to do. You may be giving them something which can transform their life, and improve the global economy.

The Advantages of ERP Essay Example

The Advantages of ERP Essay Example The Advantages of ERP Essay The Advantages of ERP Essay The Advantages of ERP As companies grow and departmentalize their operations, it is increasingly important to ensure that the separation of function does not inhibit efficiency by erecting communication barriers. Smaller companies may be able to find tools to prevent this problem from occurring. Others, especially larger companies that operate complicated supply chains with thousands of suppliers and customers find creating effective links between departments more difficult. One way companies are successfully bridging the information gap between departments is by utilizing Enterprise Resource Planning or ERP. When utilized in the right way, ERP ties each organization function together in such a way that all departments know what is happening at all times. Creating uniform knowledge, which is readily available throughout every company department, is very beneficial for an organization. The following paper will outline the primary theoretical advantages of utilizing Enterprise Resource Planning. 91 percent of organizations report that efficiency is one of the top ten benefits of implementing ERP. There are so many aspects of the ERP system hat streamline operations that efficiency is a natural effect. Less manual entry as well as the prevention of duplicate entry improves speed and decreases errors. These improvements, in turn, allow employees to use their expertise and valuable time in other ways for the company. Improving information uniformity and availability also impacts efficiency in such a way that cycle time can be reduced . This is all made possible because software and processes among departments have been standardized to immediately respond to an order when this may have previously taken long periods of time. Consider the following scenario. An order is placed for a laptop with unique specifications. Without ERP, multiple departments and or suppliers must be individually contacted to obtain the parts to assemble the machine. An ERP System can issue a request for these parts, order a technician to assemble, create an invoice, and even make an accounting entry with a few keystrokes. What previously may have taken days or weeks may now only take minutes or hours. Empowering organizations to make better decisions on a daily basis and in response to their industrys rapidly changing environment is another key enefit of ERP. ERP accomplishes this in a number of ways. First, data entry as previously mentioned becomes more streamlined and is more automated providing more accurate data. This data, now unified across departments, can also be compared against itself and across functions without conversion errors. Because the data is collected regularly and does not require separate compilation, the reports are readily available and always current. This is perhaps one of the most important features as executives are often forced to make decisions at a moments notice and aving reliable information to assist their decision could make the difference between the right and wrong decision. ERP software implementation gives organizations a lot of technological integration capacity advantages. The software is so sophisticated that there are many integration options with e-commerce as well as supply chain partners. Reconsider the previously discussed scenario witn computer order. The technology available with ERP software would allow this same process to be initiated by a customers order placed on a company website. Simultaneously, suppliers who have applications that support the ERP software ould receive this same information as they are linked into the ERP software in order to more effectively communicate with their customer. Then, once the orders have been placed, all parties along the supply chain can see the status of the order through ERP system and web-based tracking collaboration systems . This offers a level of service that goes above and beyond and can be seen as a competitive advantage in a todays society. Finally, when collectively evaluating the above, one can see the most overwhelming reason for utilizing ERP is costs savings. If time is money, mproving the use of the employees time is an obvious cost savings. In fact, ERP may even eliminate labor depending upon a firms data entry positions. Cycle time improvements can also improve costs by increasing the amount of items that can be manufactured or by simply making the process more efficient. For example, streamlining the inventory ordering process following order receipt can dramatically impact inventory on hand and therefore cut inventory costs. Likewise, utilizing data and reporting to make the best decisions for organization could also assist with cost savings. Imagine deciding how much inventory to keep on hand without having any data to evaluate. Beyond the operational cost advantages to ERP, there are also cost savings to having all departments utilize the same software. A unified system cut costs as departments do not have to buy individual programs to support their processes . Also, if an organization uses one system, IT technicians only need to be familiar with one operating system saving in the number of specializations needed. Training also can be a cost savings as all employees will be using the same software across departments. Truly, ERP is the most important piece of the puzzle. Every department within an organization can operate with 100 percent efficiency by completing their roles as assigned. However, if there is nothing to link the departments one to another, the organization will fail as a whole. A human heart could be the strongest one in the world, but if it were not connected to the other organs in the body, what good would it be? Similarly, every department within an organization has its role to play and without an effective method of communication between these departments, the organization as a whole would die. Enterprise resource planning is a valuable tool for companies to utilize to increase efficiency, to support the decision making process, to integrate e-commerce and supplier software, and most importantly to cut costs. Effectively utilizing an ERP system will prevent fragmentation of departments and lead to a healthy organization. Sources Eresouce. (2010). ERP reduces cycle time, improves efficiency. Retrieved Nov 17, 2012, from Eresource: eresourceerp. com/ERP-reduces-cycle-time-improves- efficiency. html ExcitinglP. (2011 ,June 9). Advantages Disadvantages of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) Systems. Retrieved Nov 17, 2012, trom ExcitinglP. com: nttp:/ wrww. excitingip. com/2010/advantages-disadvantages-of-erp-enterprise-resource- planning-systems/ Exforsys Inc. (2006, Dec 4). The Advantages and Disadvantages of ERP. Retrieved Nov 1 7, 2012, from Exforsys. com: exforsys. com/tutorials/erp/the-advantages- and-disadvantages-of-erp. html Roman, K. (2009). Benefits of Implementing an ERP Top 10 Benefits an ERP Implementation Can Bring to Your Institution . Retrieved Nov 17, 2012, from Collegiate Project Services: collegiateproJect. com/articles/ERP%20Benefits. pdf