The Terza Rima Style of Poetry

Terza rima is poetry written in three-line stanzas (or â€Å"tercets†) linked by end-rhymes patterned aba, bcb, cdc, ded, efe, etc. There is no specified number of stanzas in the form, but poems written in terza rima usually end with a single line or a couplet rhyming with the middle line of the last tercet. Dante Alighieri was the first poet to use terza rima, in his Divine Comedy, and he was followed by other Italian poets of the Renaissance, like Boccaccio and Petrarch. Thomas Wyatt and Geoffrey Chaucer brought terza rima into English poetry in the 14th century, Romantic poets including Byron and Shelley used it in the 19th century, and a number of modern poets from Robert Frost to Sylvia Plath to William Carlos Williams to Adrienne Rich have written terza rima in English—all these despite the fact that English doesn’t offer nearly as many rhyming possibilities as Italian. That is why Robert Pinsky used near-rhymes and slant rhymes in his 1994 translation of The Divine Comedy, to reproduce Dante’s terza rima in English without the sing-song effect of strict repeating rhymes. Meter is not specified in terza rima, although most English poets using the form have done so with lines in iambic pentameter. Examples: We have two poems written in standard terza rima in English in our library here at About Poetry: Ode to the West Wind by Percy Bysshe Shelley (1820)â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† by Robert Frost (1923) And we also have as  example of Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s use of a modified terza rima in which all three lines of each stanza rhyme: The Two Voices (1842) See our terza rima links to read more poems written in English using terza rima around the Web.

The Theory Of Classical Conditioning - 1448 Words

Ivan Pavlov a Russian physiologist who lived from (1927-1960) first observed and conceived the concept of Classical conditioning. The concept of classical conditioning is widely distinguished and understood as the most basic form of cognitive learning. Even before Ivan Pavlov named the process of conditioning, his work was considered ahead of his time (Feeser, 2002, p. 24). In fact, Pavlov was presented a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Nero Medicine for his research on the digestion system of dogs (Feeser, 2002, p. 24). To further his digestion research, Pavlov devised a medical procedure for implanting a tube, called a fistula, into animals that were still alive. This allowed Pavlov to collect digestive secretions, and measure them, such as those secreted in a dog’s stomach or the mouth (Feeser, 2002, p. 24). This was a dramatic first, because before Pavlov s advancements, almost everything that was understood or known about physiological processes was revealed from studies i nvolving severe (temporary or sacrificed animals) as opposed to operatic preparations (long-term and in living animals). Pavlov was always interested mainly in the understanding of reflexive occurrences when food was placed in the dog’s mouth and as it passed through the other parts of the digestive system, including the stomach (Feeser, 2002, p. 27). For example, Professor Pavlov or one of his many personal assistants would put meat into the mouth of a dog or dogs and then measure the amount of salivaShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning929 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion 5 1. Define: Classical Conditioning is learning theory based on the assumption that the learning process occurs due to associations between an environmental stimulus and a natural occurring stimulus, as indicated in our textbook. This learning theory was developed by John Watson. He proposed that this theory is able to explain human behavior. Watson also assumed that our environment shapes our personality as a whole. His ideas were influenced by the findings of Ivan Pavlov, a RussianRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn this assignment I will be looking at the Behaviourist perspective with Ivan Pavlov’s (1902) theory about classical conditioning. I will be discussing how I have used human development and learning perspectives in my placement to support young people in their personal and social development with providing a case study about them. I will be writing about how the theory demonstrates effective youth and community work practice including the five pillars of youth work. Behaviourists look at behaviourRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1360 Words   |  6 PagesIs it possible to rouse fear from a stimulus that at first caused no such response? Classical conditioning is a type of learning where a response is produced from combining a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce an unconditioned response. Ivan Pavlov did a famous study, pairing the sound of a bell with food to produce salivation. After a while, just the sound alone would produce salivation. â€Å"Little Albert†, an infant that belonged to a wet nurse at the Harriet Lane HomeRead MoreTheory of Classical Conditioning1051 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Conditioning Introduction In psychology, there are number of theories and ideas which are used to influence the way someone reacts to particular events. In the case of classical conditioning, these ideas have been utilized to create short and long term transformations about how someone sees and reacts to the world around them. To fully understand how this is taking place requires examining these techniques and the way they are influencing behavior. This will be accomplished by studyingRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1202 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay the ways in which classical conditioning principals have been used to treat problem behaviours in humans will be discussed. Firstly the findings of Ivan Pavlov’s research experiment on classical conditioning will be explained. Then a number of his basic principals that include extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalisation and acquisition will be explored. Finally, the use of behavioural therapy in treating problem behaviours, specifically in relation to systematic desensitisationRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1070 Words   |  5 Pages(1929) and Watson and Rayner (1920) contributed to the theory of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning argues behaviour is learned through the continued pairing of a stimulus that creates a response. This can be a fear response as identified by Watson and Rayner (1920) where a healthy eleven-month-old boy was conditioned to feel fear when he saw a fluffy white toy. This fear extended to any fluffy white object. Operant conditioning theory was developed through the findings of Skinner (1938)Read MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1222 Words   |  5 Pagesexperienced. Although Harlow has found this theory, Ivan Pavlov experimented with dogs and discovered classical conditioning. Classical conditioning can show how attitudes are formed and changed, how and when attitudes influence behavior, and how we change attitudes and behavior. Classical conditioning is basically learning through association, which induces involuntary or automatic responses to certain stimuli. A famous example is Pavlov’s dogs, before conditioning the dogs would salivate (UCR) when meatRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning994 Words   |  4 Pagestransfer persist, although with a certain loss in the intensity of the reaction, for a longer period than one month.† The data reported in this paper definitely supports this conclusion. The purpose of this experiment was to test the theory of classical conditioning as well as transfer (stimulus generalization); and to see if they would be able to successfully condition an emotional response of fear. When this experiment began, Little Albert was 11 months and 3 days old. Watson and Rayner exposedRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning Theory Essay712 Words   |  3 Pagesattachment theory is a psychological, an ethological and an evolutionary theory that is concerned with relationships between humans, specifically between mother and infant. An infant has to develop a relationship with at least one of their primary caregivers for them to develop socially and emotionally. This essay will look at evaluating the theories of Ivan Pavlov, John B Watson, Edward Thorndike, BF Skinner, John Bowlby (1958), and Mary Anisworth (1979) Two important learning theories of behavioristRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1824 Words   |  8 PagesClassical conditioning The first theory of learning is called classical conditioning and was developed by Ivan Pavlov a Russian physiologist. He started working with dogs to investigate their digestive system, they were ties to a harness and Pavlov added monitors to their stomachs and mouths to measure the rate of saliva produced. He found out that when a lab assistant came in to give the dog food before the dog tasting the food it started to produce saliva, saliva is a reflex response and Pavlov

Summary Daughters Of Mothers With Multiple Sclerosis ...

Article: Jonzon, Alison and Donna L. Goodwin, â€Å"Daughters of Mothers with Multiple Sclerosis: Their Experience of Play†, Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, July 2012, V. 29, #3, pp. 205-223. I picked this article because it was more sociological than physically scientific. Also, in my opinion, it would be general applicable to many diseases and disabilities. Drawbacks of the study was that it was very small (4), only one of whom was currently caregiving. Although, the prior caregivers may have gained perspective difficult to achieve while caregiving. Two were only children and two were youngest children. Two were in single-parent families for the entirety of their caregiving and two partially until their mothers remarried (! –†¦show more content†¦205) The emphasis of the study was on the impact on the family system. Three themes emerged: â€Å"(a) being a good daughter, (b) blurred relationship boundaries, and (c) encumbered play†. They all gave personal care to their mothers, experiencing worry and guilt. But this experience caused them to be more mature than their peers. Because of their caregiving, the responsibility of which was oft en deemed excessive, they had â€Å"limited social networks† and often at least the appearance of role reversal. They usually had at least limited access to some play, which provided much-needed and appreciated relief, recreation, and escape. Women have 300% the incidence of MS as do men, usually diagnoses between the ages of 15 and 40. Often, because of fatigue and lack of functionality, the mothers’ physical conditions could degenerate further. What had not occurred to me was that the mothers also became emotionally inaccessible. Homemaking duties and personal care that they used to do are now done by the daughters, especially in single parent households. Even when sons were also present, the mothers usually preferred the services of a daughter because of gender expectations and experience, for the intimacy of the personal care, more perceived capacity for compassion/empathy, emotional closeness, and shared values. The youngest of these daughters had just barely assumed adulthood themselves, at least at the time of the study; they may at that time already

Essay on Violent Video Games Example For Students

Essay on Violent Video Games Playing video games does not cause violent behavior. Don’t get me wrong, some video games show horrific acts of violence. â€Å"A recent survey found that 92 percent of U.S. kidsages 2 to 17play video games, and their parents bought 225 million of them last year to the tune of $6.4 billion.† (Sider 79).What’s here to argue is that violent video games do not cause violence among children, but the blame for violence should be on the individual and people who should have taught the individual better. If kids are not able to see the difference between reality and fantasy, then they really can’t be blamed for committing acts they see in a game and then imitating, not fully understanding the consequences of doing it in the real world. Parents should be the overall deciders of what they want their children playing, watching, and doing. Being left with the right to raise their child in their fashion, parents should find out what the child is playing and limit or restrict them, so then parents can’t blame anything on video games if their kid commits a violent act. With video games as the new part of our pop culture, many adults find it hard to understand why children would want to spend so much time playing with these â€Å"idiot boxes†. With this lack of understanding comes fear, for, as humans, we fear what we do not know. So all that will come of this cycle is people will continue to play video games, something new in our pop culture will come and replace video games, and it will be radical for our pop culture and taken on as the root of all evil due to lack of understanding. With the high rise in violent video games in the last few years, adults see certain acts of violence portrayed in some video games to be a cause of violent acts committed by kids. This is such an easy decision to make, lay blame on something that is new, something radical like violent video games. People don’t even take a look back and remember â€Å"Novels, films, radio, and television have all been accused of leading young people astray and inducing violent or antisocial behavior. The fuss about video games may be just another case of curmudgeons complaining† (Walling 1436). If they saw these then they would see a pattern and might not think of pop-culture as harshly. Unfortunately many people do not, and then they blame it on everything but themselves. These arguments are fueled by certain acts of violence; one main support is the Columbine schools shooting where the two kids had been avid players of the video game DOOM (a first-person shooter where you go through le vels killing monsters). People hear these arguments, but what they don’t hear is that Harris and Klebold had many personal problems, such as being harassed at school, neglected by parents, and family problems. These problems could have easily given them a warped view on fantasy and reality, and are usually completely overlooked by many people. This example and many more are the fuel for such organizations as MAVAV (Mothers Against Videogame Addiction and Violence), â€Å"While video game companies continue to market violence aimed at vulnerable children and young teens. And the newest absurdity, underground video game cultures which takes gaming to another level, tainted with online clans, singling out of people, hatred, racism, and sexism.† These groups seek a more governmental control of video games. â€Å"Video games are the topic on the surface†¦ a convenient scapegoat for people who do not want to probe deeper into the problem of where the ambition to kill come from.† (Zarozin ski). It’s easy to read something in the news and take in only what they tell you, but before you go forming extreme views on this subject make sure you know some background facts on those certain cases supporting your arguments. Violent Video GamesViolence in video games does not cause violence in children. Many studies will go off on how violent video games will increase aggression in youths. Well sure, give a kid a game and bring him/her to a point in the game they can’t pass, and they would get frustrated, come on anyone would. However not just anyone wouldn’t pick up a fire arm and gun down their school, as shown with Harris and Klebold had to have many personal problems before resorting to such actions. These problems included being harassed at school, neglected by parents, and family problems. Common sense should tell you that violent video games don’t cause children to do violent things. â€Å"Theyre not a threat to public order(Video Games). . . What theyre doing makes them less likely to be a threat to public order. Theyre getting their jones theyre satisfying their antisocial impulses in a completely harmless way.†(Van Horn). Also, play is necessary for a healthy chil d’s growth, and video games are a good source of play. Although if a child is violent to begin with or can not make the distinction between reality and fantasy, violent video games may not be right for these kids to be playing. The individual should be to blame if he or she commits a violent act, and their parents should be the ones to find this out and crack down on it. Parents should be the ones limiting the game play or overall just teaching the kids about what to take from these games and what not to. For video games do offer advantages to kids besides just play, such as fulfill a want for adventure and fantasy, they can role play and problems solve, and even improve hand-eye coordination. So now you have seen the argument on video game violence; I hope you will step a little out of the box, look in on this situation and laugh, and then find something more worthwhile to go argue over. Works Cited Walling, Annie. â€Å"Do Video Games Lead to Violent Behavior in Children?† American Family Physician 65 (2002): 1436 â€Å"The Video Game Factor, Teen Violence the Blame Game† Brandweek (1999) Gillespie, Thom â€Å"Violence, Games Art Part 1† Technos: Quarterly for Education and Technology (2000) Gillespie, Thom â€Å"Violence, Games Art Part 2† Technos: Quarterly for Education and Technology (2000) Dietz, Tracy â€Å"An examination of violence and gender role portrayals in video games: implications for gender socialization and aggressive behavior† Sex Roles: A Journal of Research (1998) Collins, Glen. Video Games a Diversion or a Danger?. The New York Times, 1983. Gerdes, Louise. Media Violence Opposing Viewpoints. Michigan: Greenhaven Press, 2004 Sider, Don. â€Å"Virtual Vice? This holiday season, some video games come wrapped in sex, gore and controversy. What can parents do?† Time, Inc 58 (2002): 79 Zarozinski, Michael. â€Å"Video Game Violence† Louder than a Bomb! 12 Sep. 2001 Louder than a bomb! Software. 14 Feb, 2005.