Adverb(ial) Phrases in English

Adverb(ial) Phrases in English An adverb phrase (or adverbial phrase) is a word group with an adverb as its head. This adverb may be accompanied by modifiers or qualifiers. An adverb phrase can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or even an entire sentence or main clause. As shown in the examples below, it can appear in a number of different positions in a sentence. Examples of Adverbial Phrases The Cheshire Cat vanished quite slowly, beginning with the end of its tail.The players responded surprisingly well to all the pressures of the playoffs.The best way to preserve the flavor and texture of fresh vegetables is to cook them as quickly as possible.As quickly as possible, we cleaned the fish and placed them in coolers.The air was warm, stirred only occasionally by a breeze.Only occasionally is there a rumble in the sky or a hint of rain.Snow fell much earlier than usual.My daughters choice of driving music is,  surprisingly enough, classic rock. Quotes With Adverb Phrases James Russell Lowell If youth be a defect, it is one that we outgrow only too soon. Beverly Barton, Close Enough to Kill Bernie watched Jims face for a reaction.  Surprisingly enough, he grinned. Adverbial Phrases Without Adverbs Theyre called adverbial phrases because they can occur in the same range of positions as single adverbs. Many such adverbial phrases, paradoxically, do not contain an adverb. Such adverb-less adverbial phrases are typically prepositional phrases, as italicized in the examples below from James R. Hurford in Grammar: A Students Guide. On Friday night, Im playing squash.Their marriage broke up in the most painful way.May I, on behalf of the shareholders, congratulate you? Positioning Adverb Phrases Jame R. Hurford, Grammar: A Students Guide Like adverbs, adverb phrases can cause confusion because there is some flexibility in where they occur within sentences, and even in modifying the sentence structure. As well, adverb phrases are sometimes embedded in other phrases. Examples are: Laura, a better, gentler, more beautiful Laura, whom everybody, everybody loved dearly and tenderly.He had taken her hand sympathizingly, forgivingly, but his silence made me curious.David, on the lowest step, was very evidently not hearing a word of what was being said. Our first example identifies an adverb phrase following the verb loved; the next example shows an adverb phrase following the noun hand and removed from the verb it modifies; the third example has an adverb phrase embedded into a verb phrase was...hearing. Such flexibility makes it more difficult to identify these phrases; therefore, noting the head adverb can be of help. Sources Barton, Beverly. Close Enough to Kill. Hardcover, Zebra Books/Kensington Publish, 2006. Hurford, James R. Grammar: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, January 27, 1995. ODwyer, Bernard. Modern English Structures: Form, Function, and Position. 2nd Edition, Broadview Press, June 16, 2006.

Overview of the US Civil War Battle of Richmond

Overview of the US Civil War Battle of Richmond In 1862, Confederate Major General Kirby Smith ordered an offensive into Kentucky. The advance team was led by Brigadier General Patrick R. Cleburne who had his cavalry led by Colonel John S. Scott out front. On August 29th, the cavalry began a skirmish with Union troopers on the road to Richmond, Kentucky. By noon, the Union infantry and artillery had joined the fight, causing the Confederates to retreat to Big Hill. Pressing his advantage, Union Brigadier General Mahlon D. Manson sent a brigade to march towards Rogersville and the Confederates. Dates August 29-30, 1862 Location Richmond, Kentucky Key Individuals Involved Union: Major General William NelsonConfederate: Major General E. Kirby Smith Outcome Confederate Victory. 5,650 casualties of which 4,900 were Union soldiers. Overview of the Battle The day ended with a brief skirmish between the Union forces and Cleburne’s men. During the evening both Manson and Cleburne discussed the situation with their superior officers. Union Major General William Nelson ordered another brigade to attack. Confederate Major General Kirby Smith gave Cleburne the order to attack and promised reinforcements. In the early morning hours, Cleburne marched north, won against Union skirmishers, and approached the Union line near Zion Church. Over the course of the day, reinforcements arrived for both sides. After exchanging artillery fire, the troops attacked. The Confederates were able to push through the Union right, causing them to retreat to Rogersville. They tried to make a stand there. At this point, Smith and Nelson had taken command of their own armies. Nelson attempted to rally the troops, but the Union soldiers were routed. Nelson and some of his men were able to escape. However, by the end of the day, 4,000 Union soldiers were captured. More significantly, the way north was open for the Confederates to advance.

Island of stone money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Island of stone money - Essay Example When the Germans gained possession of the island, they ordered the chiefs of the districts in the island to repair the paths that had been neglected and were in poor condition. When the chiefs declined to administer the repair of the roads, the Germans sought a way of imposing fine on them. A person was sent to each disobedient district to mark the most valuable Fei with a black cross to indicate that the government now owned the stones (Friedman 3). The people then felt impoverished, repaired the roads, and the government then sent its agents to erase the marks. Consequently, the people regained possession of their Fei. Despite these people’s apparent lack of knowledge on how monetary systems work, the article compares their beliefs with an incident in the U.S where the Bank of France requested the Federal Reserve Bank to store its gold in its account. Consequently, the Federal Bank put French gold in separate drawers and put a label to indicate that it belonged to the French. The two incidents illustrate how important myth is to monetary matters. People tend to believe that their own money is more real and rational than those used by other societies. Because of these myths, people fail to realize that money from other countries may have high purchasing powers than theirs (Friedman 5). One of the characteristics of Fei that qualified it as money was its use by these people as a medium that could be exchanged for goods and services. The durability of these stones, another characteristic of money, ensured that they performed their duty as a medium of exchange and store of value. Durability as a feature of money is critical since it develops confidence that an item can be exchanged later for other goods. Fei can be classified as commodity money because its value was independent of regulatory forces but dependent on attached value on its material. Act of the Germans to mark the stones illustrates this because of the adverse effects that it

The topic is Prostitution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The topic is Prostitution - Research Paper Example A mere act of law will possibly not solve all the problems related to this issue. It might be argued by some people that legalizing prostitution will make it easier to control the dark and corrupt side of this trade. It will give some measure of dignity to the sex workers. It will ensure they get regular health check-ups and they are not left to the mercy of unscrupulous pimps or customers. They shall be better paid and ultimately like any other organized sector they shall get some measure of legal protection. (Hayes-Smith and Shekarkhar, 50) Although this is one way of looking at it there is another viewpoint, which considers prostitution to be a threat to the institution of marriage. According to this group legalizing prostitution will result in the break-up of many marriages, as it will make it easier for spouses to cheat on their partners. One might argue that a faithful spouse shall remain so even if prostitution is legalized. So if in the long run legalizing this trade results in some long-term benefits for the women concerned it should be seriously considered. (Hayes-Smith and Shekarkhar, 53) It has been discovered that indoor sex workers are less likely to face violence than prostitutes who work on the streets. Surveys conducted in Vancouver, British Columbia have revealed that about 67% of the indoor sex workers had never faced any violence in their profession. This survey concentrated on massage parlors, escort agencies and women who worked as independent sex workers. This was in stark contrast to the violence faced by women who worked on the streets of Vancouver. Here the rate of violence was as high 98% and it is obvious from this survey that indoor sex work is safer than working on the streets. I n the United Kingdom Jeal and Salisbury reported that 79% of their indoor sex workers had never faced violence. Another survey conducted by Sanders and Campbell found that around 76% to 79% of the indoor sex workers had never experienced violence (O’Doherty, 218). So if the Government legalizes prostitution the women will no longer have to work on the streets. They can operate from their own private set-ups without fear of prosecution. This will give them greater autonomy and more litheness. They will no longer be at the mercy of pimps and middlemen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A lack of awareness and education puts most prostitutes at a disadvantage. As a result of this when they face violence of any kind they are unable to fight for their rights. Moreover there is a feeling among certain sections of the public that anybody engaged in this kind of profession deserve what they get .A prostitute who complains of violence by the customer is therefore not likely to receive much sympathy. Legalization of prostitution will enable women to fight for their rights. It will also protect them from corrupt law-enforcement officials. (O’Doherty, 223-224)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fact that economic problems might lead to an increase in the level of prostitution is borne out by what we see in Russia today. There has be en a rise in the level of prostitution in Russia. Unfortunately little action has been taken by the State to regulate and control this industry. As a result of this venereal diseases and HIV infection has spread rapidly. According to the information of the Ministry of Health of Saratov oblast, in 1996-2003 the number of people infected with AIDS was

Germany and the European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Germany and the European Union - Essay Example As mentioned above, EU embraces international trade at a larger extent. Germany would benefit from this as it would the other countries in the integration. As a matter of facts, Germany can be looked at as a blessing to these other countries (Schweiger 12). This country is prosperous and has a strong economic productivity (Janning, tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de). Thus, there is a lot that it brings on the table to the benefit of EU. For instance, it has a pool of quality products and up-to-date technology that is available at reduced or no tariffs to other nations in the integration. As would be like with any other symbiotic relationship, Germany is set to gain a lot from other nations as well. She would trade buying goods and services from other EU Nations. This will make the EU self-sufficient continent whereby all Member countries benefit (Janning, tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de). As much as it is crucial for Europe to grow strong politically, it is obvious that economic dynamism brought about by integration as well as the attractiveness of the market to have played a bigger role as a driving force that prompted other European Nations to accede (Schweiger 16). Germany European Policy has supported the integration process and the establishment of institutions relevant to prosperity of the integration (Schweiger 22). In addition, Germany foreign policy ensures that her relations with other countries are aligned to EU policy (Janning, tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de). In conclusion, Germany undoubtedly desires a Europe that has the ability of acting, transparent and democratic, one that has a strengthened European Parliament and certainly that has clearly defined

A Pestel Analysis Of Australia Economics Essay

A Pestel Analysis Of Australia Economics Essay Australia is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the northeast and New Zealand to the southeast. For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australias eastern half was claimed by Britain in 1770 and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales, formally founded on 7 February 1788 (although formal possession of the land had occurred on 26 January 1788). The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established. On 1 January 1901, the six colonies became a federation and the Commonwealth of Australia was formed. Since Federation, Australia has maintained a stable liberal democratic political system and is a Commonwealth realm. The population is 22 million, with approximately 60% concentrated in and around the mainland state capitals of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide. The nations capital city is Canberra, in the Australian Capital Territory. A prosperous developed country, Australia is the worlds thirteenth largest economy. Australia ranks highly in many international comparisons of national performance such as human development, quality of life, health care, life expectancy, public education, economic freedom and the protection of civil liberties and political rights. Australia is a member of the United Nations, G20, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, OECD, APEC, Pacific Islands Forum and the World Trade Organization. PESTEL ANALYSIS There are many factors in the macro-environment that will effect the decisions of the managers of any organisation. Tax changes, new laws, trade barriers, demographic change and government policy changes are all examples of macro change. To help analyse these factors we can categorise them using the PESTEL model. Political factors. These refer to government policy such as the degree of intervention in the economy. What goods and services does a government want to provide? To what extent does it believe in subsidising firms? What are its priorities in terms of business support? Political decisions can impact on many vital areas for business such as the education of the workforce, the health of the nation and the quality of the infrastructure of the economy such as the road and rail systems. The federal government is separated into three branches: The legislature: the bicameral Parliament, comprising the Queen (represented by the Governor-General), the Senate, and the House of Representatives; The executive: the Federal Executive Council, in practice the Governor-General as advised by the Prime Minister and Ministers of State; The judiciary: the High Court of Australia and other federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the Governor-General on advice of the Council. Business in Australia has a high degree of certainty Australia is a safe destination for investment. The countrys political and regulatory environment is stable, open and progressive, providing investors with a high degree of confidence and certainty. Australias strength as an investment destination stems, in part, from a political system that has been assessed as being highly effective in responding to economic challenges and policy direction. The adaptability of Australian government policy to changes in the economy has been ranked in the top two countries in the region. Similarly, the transparency and effectiveness of government are also rated highly . Efficient and transparent legal framework Australia also has an open, efficient and transparent legal framework. Corruption levels are judged lower than those in the US, the UK, Canada and most regional countries . These results can be attributed to a strong system of checks and balances, and a highly respected judicial and law enforcement system. Stable political environment The benefit to companies of a stable political environment can flow right through to the bottom line. Australia is one of the most important markets for MNCs in the Asia-Pacific region. Australia hosts a growing economy; a stable political and business environment; a skilled, well educated and multi-lingual workforce; a strategic time-zone and a competitive cost base. These factors provide a sophisticated market and the right environment enabling various MNCs to drive innovation and technology. ECONOMIC FACTORS Property prices are generally high in relation to income levels in Australia, creating a great demand for rental properties. In fact this demand is so high in some major cities that rental prices are firmly set to increase, making any purchase into a buy-to-let property market potentially profitable. While the population grows and incomes rise, the demand for housing now outpaces supply, causing prices to continue rising. Capital Growth Australia still has certain areas offering great investment opportunity. For example, in 2006 Perth property prices rose by between 36.6% and a staggering 42% and commercial properties in cities such as Brisbane and Perth are also currently offering many excellent returns on investment. Off-Plan Pure investment strategies are viable options in many areas, enabling you to purchase off-plan property in Australia at the best possible prices. Investors purchasing as early as possible with a minimum money-down payment and then selling prior to completion are gaining substantial profits. Low-cost Commercial Property Australias cost-competitiveness has led to a growing number of foreign companies using Australia as a headquarters for their Asian operations. Between January 2002 and March 2003, 54 foreign companies established or relocated their operating centres in Australia, making it one of the most successful countries in the world in attracting such investment. Today Australia consistently emerges as a low cost base amongst developed nations. Currency Exchange Currency exchange rates against euros, dollars and sterling are very favourable in Australia today, making property investment an attractive option to foreign investors who avoid losing vast amounts of money in their exchange transactions against the Australian dollar. In addition, foreign purchasers are generally able to buy much more for their money than back home. Cost of Living The cost of living in large cities such as Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane and Perth is dramatically less than that of the worlds most expensive cities. At the same time, Australias major cities are all ranked among the worlds top 30 cities in terms of quality of life. Economic Stability Australias strong economic growth rates are higher than in most OECD countries including the US and UK. Currently the countrys GDP is higher than that of the UK, Germany and France for example. There is a low degree of risk in the Australian economy while it boasts consistently strong GDP growth, stable interest rates, rising exchange rates, relatively high levels of employment and a low rate of inflation. In the main cities unemployment is relatively low and on average the national unemployment figures stand at around 5%. The country receives many applications each year from those wishing to immigrate to Australia and enjoy the high standard of living and general opportunities the country has to offer. Mortgages Repayment mortgages are available to purchase property in Australia, covering 75-80% of the valuation or purchase price (whichever is lower) and they are available for a period of between 5 and 30 years. Interest only mortgages are widely available in Australia and are on offer for 5 or even 10 year periods. SOCIAL FACTORS Changes in social trends can impact on the demand for a firms products and the availability and willingness of individuals to work. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Classes and Castes. The three main social classes are the working class, the middle class, and the upper class, but the boundaries between these groups are a matter of debate. The wealthiest 5 to 10 percent are usually regarded as upper class, with their wealth derived from ownership and control of property and capital. The growing middle class is defined as individuals with nonmanual occupations. Nonmanual workers typically earn more than manual workers, although upper-level manual workers such as tradespeople earn more than those in sales and personal service positions. The professions, which include such occupations as accountants, computing specialists, engineers, and medical doctors, have been one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy. Since the 1980s the number of manual workers has been in decline. Manual workers form the nucleus of the working class; 20 to 40 percent self-identify with this category. Class consciousness includes the acknowledgment of class divisions, but there is also a broad commitment to an ethic of egalitarianism. Australians commonly believe that socioeconomic mobility is possible and exhibit a basic tolerance and acceptance of inequality associated with social class. Symbols of Social Stratification. The upper-class can be signified by expensive clothes, motor vehicles, and homes. In particular, the economic value of housing and other real estate properties varies greatly across different suburbs in all cities. However, class is not always evident from clothes, cars, and living circumstances. Middle-class people from economically wealthy backgrounds may mask their prosperity according to fashion, choice, or participation in particular subcultures. Young people such as students may dress to mimic imagined styles valued for their symbolic rejection of wealth, and some working-class families go into debt to purchase expensive cars and other commodities. Patterns of speech, consumption patterns associated with entertainment and the arts, and participation in certain sports may be useful indicators of class. SOCIALIZATION Infant Care. Child rearing varies considerably with the country of origin, class background, the education and occupation of the parents, and the religious group to which a family belongs. While most practices are aimed at developing a responsible and independent child, Aboriginal and many migrant families tend to indulge young children more than do most Anglo-Celtic parents. Some ethnic groups supervise their young more strictly than the dominant Anglo-Celtic population, encouraging them to mix only with family and friends, be dependent on the family, and leave decision making to the parents. Child Rearing and Education. Mothers are the preferred primary caretakers, although fathers are taking increasing responsibility for child care. In the past mothers were not as isolated in their child care responsibilities, receiving help from older children, extended kin, and neighbors. The reduction in family and household size in recent years has meant that the burden of care falls largely on mothers. There is significant variation in ideas about good parenting, reflecting the diverse cultural values and traditions of parents ethnic background. Higher Education. Higher education is considered to offer the best employment opportunities. Consequently, tertiary education has become more widely available and is undertaken by an increasingly larger proportion of the population. It is available in two forms: universities and institutions of technical and further education (TAFE). In 1992, 37 percent of women and 47 percent of men received post-school qualifications, and 12.3 percent of the labor force held university degrees in 1993. Universities also attract substantial numbers of overseas students. The government is responsible for funding most universities and institutions, with increasing contributions being made by students in the form of fees and postgraduation tax payments. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS New technologies create new products and new processes. Technology can reduce costs, improve quality and lead to innovation. These developments can benefit consumers as well as the organisations providing the products. Two organizations support most of Australian government research and development. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), headquartered in Melbourne and founded in 1926, is an independent government agency that supports research and development in all fields of the physical and biological sciences except defense science, nuclear energy, and clinical medicine. The Defense Science and Technology Organization (DSTO), headquartered in Canberra, supports military research and development by providing scientific and technological assistance to the Australian Defence Force and Department of Defence. Several issues dominate current Australian science and technology policy: the concentration of research and development in national research centers; tensions among and between university researchers over allocation of research and development funding resources; effective communication between industry, government, and university researchers; the growing role which industry is playing in support of national research and development; and the role which Australia is playing in international science and technology collaboration. High-technology exports totaled $1.5 million in 1998. Government funds about 55% of all research and development and industry about 40%. In 1996, there were 73 agricultural, medical, scientific, and technical professional associations and societies, the foremost of which is the Australian Academy of Science, founded in 1954 by royal charter. The Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering was founded in 1976. The Australian Science and Technology Council (ASTEC) provides an independent source of counsel for the Australian Prime Minister; its role was augmented in 1986 by the creation of a post for a Minister Assisting the Prime Minister with portfolio for science and technology. Environmental factors: Environmental factors include the weather and climate change. Changes in temperature can impact on many industries including farming, tourism and insurance. With major climate changes occurring due to global warming and with greater environmental awareness this external factor is becoming a significant issue for firms to consider. The growing desire to protect the environment is having an impact on many industries such as the travel and transportation industries (for example, more taxes being placed on air travel and the success of hybrid cars) and the general move towards more environmentally friendly products and processes is affecting demand patterns and creating business opportunities. The Environment Protection (Impact of Proposals) Act of 1974 establishes procedures for ensuring that environmental impact is considered in governmental decision making. The Whale Protection Act of 1981 prohibits killing, capturing, injuring, or interfering with a whale, dolphin, or porpoise within Australias 200 mi economic zone or, beyond the zone, by Australian vessels and aircraft and their crews. The Environment Protection (Nuclear Codes) Act of 1978 mandates the development of uniform safety standards for uranium mining and milling and for the transport of radioactive materials. The Protection of the Sea (Discharge of Oil from Ships) Act of 1981 and the Protection of the Sea (Prevention of Pollution from Ships) Act of 1983 prevent or limit pollution from oil or noxious substances. Water being a scarce resource in Australia, problems of water quality and availability are a constant concern. As of 2001, the country had only 352 cu km of renewable water resources, although safe drinking water was available to all urban and rural dwellers. A cause for concern has been the increased salinity in the Murray Valley, caused by diverting water inland from the coast for irrigation, as well as the rise in saline water tables in Western Australia, due to excessive land clearing for dry-land farming. Another significant environmental problem is inland damage due to soil erosion. The quality of the soil is also affected by salinization. As of 1993, Australia had 145 million hact. of forest and woodland and had the third most extensive mangrove area in the world, covering over one million ha. LEGAL FACTORS These are related to the legal environment in which firms operate. The introduction of age discrimination and disability discrimination legislation, an increase in the minimum wage and greater requirements for firms to recycle are examples of relatively recent laws that affect an organisations actions. Legal changes can affect a firms costs (e.g. if new systems and procedures have to be developed) and demand (e.g. if the law affects the likelihood of customers buying the good or using the service. Contractual issues Contracts do not have to be in writing on a formal document and signed to be legally binding. The major elements of formation of a contract are offer and acceptance; consideration; intention to create legal relations and certainty of terms. Thus, provided these elements are met, a contract may be construed via exchange of e-mails, scribbling on the back of a docket or even verbal exchanges. Compliance with government sanctions and regulations Exporters should be aware that Australia maintains United Nations Security Council sanctions and bilateral sanctions in respect of a number of countries. These sanctions require Australian organisations and individuals to comply with a range of measures and, in general, also apply extraterritorially to Australian nationals overseas. Sanctions may include export and import restrictions, prohibitions of technical assistance, training and financing, travel sanctions, and financial sanctions against specific persons and entities. Dealings with terrorists what the Australian business community should know   The Government has passed laws making it a criminal offence to hold assets that are owned or controlled by terrorist organisations or individuals, or to make assets available to them, punishable by up to five years imprisonment. In addition to the Consolidated List, the Australian Government also maintains a list of groups that are proscribed as terrorist organisations under the Criminal Code. Australian companies need to ensure that they have checked the credentials of overseas partners and buyers. Australian companies also need to be aware that there are scam operations working in some markets and again this emphasises the need to conduct background checks. Before signing or accepting contracts, it is in your interests to seek professional legal advice from legal firms specializing in international work. PORTERS DIAMOND MODEL Porters Diamond Factor Model (DFM) is a theoretical framework that achieved prominence in Australian economic policy development since its inception in 1990. Despite its widespread adoption, however, Australia has remained significantly below the OECD average in terms of its industrial clusters contributions to innovation and real wealth creation. In order to conceptualise the specific role that Porters DFM might play in the Australian policy development context, this paper analyses the 25-year history of the interaction between the Tasmanian state government and the Tasmanian Light Shipbuilding Industry cluster. This analysis provides an insight into the set of government roles that facilitated the development of one of Australias most internationally competitive industry clusters, and proposes a reconceptualisation of Porters DFM that will potentially increase its value as a predictive tool for regional economic development Factor conditions: These are the economists traditional factors of production: land, labor, capital, and infrastructure. Demand conditions: The characteristics of the domestic market, including the size, demand, value, and sophistication. Related supporting industries: The presence of suppliers and supporting industries that are equally competitive and of high quality. Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry: The regulatory and other governmental environment in which companies are created, organized, and managed, including the nature of the domestic competition. Since the 1970s, the onrush of globalisation in Australias markets has presented significant economic policy challenges to the countrys federal and state governments. A major concern for Australian legislators was the question of making a nation previously protected by a fortress of tariffs and subsidies more productive and competitive in world markets. One theoretical framework that achieved prominence in Australian economic policy development was Porters Industrial Cluster Theory (ICT). Porters ICT proposes that for a region to increase its innovative capacity and export earnings, its government must interact to develop a sustainable array of internationally competitive industry clusters . Porters ICT argues that a nations industry clusters will likely be internationally competitive if a synergistic interrelationship exists between four Diamond Factor variables (i.e. Factor Conditions, Local Demand Conditions, Related and Supporting Industries, and Firm Strategy, Structure and Riva lry) and the two influencing roles of Chance Events and Government for a discussion of the Diamond Factor Model (DFM) that underpins ICT. The role of government in the stage of cluster life cycle: The first was the state governments initial non committal stance towards the development of the states burgeoning shipbuilding industry. At the time, the governments policy focus was primarily on the macro-economic restructuring of the states economy away from its dependence on hydro-industrialisation , and not the growth requirements of the potential industry cluster. The second key role was the state governments development of the regions reputation within the broader domestic maritime market as a national centre for maritime research. The Tasmanian government implemented a series of lobbying initiatives that resulted in the federal government providing additional funding to the Australian Maritime College and relocating its national maritime research institute (the CSIRO) to Hobart. These state government lobbying efforts were largely aimed at the federal government rather than the private sector, but their success had implications for the regions Factor Conditions, Related and Supporting Industry, and Local Demand Conditions. The regional economys factor conditions were advanced by developing the regions supply of human capital through both the generation of specialised employment and education within the broader industry. The Tasmanian governments enhancement of the regions reputation helped to develop the demand conditions faced by the private sector shipbuilding firms, most significantly in the from of customers ready to import their products from interstate. Competitive advantage of Australia: Instant access to high technology Given the proven track record of Future Materials partners, together with our highly skilled, experienced team of professionals, Australian companies now have easy access to the kind of services and equipment previously difficult to attain. For instance: Materials characterization and evaluation Problem solving, such as investigating contaminants and materials failures. Studies and testing on coatings, thin films and surface modifications. Expert and independent opinion in litigation and IP matters. Collaborative research aiding the development of new products and processes. Also, The governments policy focus was primarily on the macro-economic restructuring of the states economy away from its dependence on hydro-industrialisation , and not the growth requirements of the potential industry cluster.

Career Objectives Essay

My career objective is to develop and build-up manpower with practical knowledge and problem solving skills to expand small and medium agribusiness enterprises and improve the productivity of agribusiness value chain in agricultural industry and also in my country. Also I plan to apply acquired knowledge and practical skills from TAMU to up-scale agribusiness management, farmer producer organizations and groups, agribusiness supply chain management and improve agribusiness marketing of processed commodities and small business enterprise development. To be involved in international research, outreach programs and teaching in various aspects of agribusiness management and Enterprise Development. These activities inform our domestic efforts and enable me to address important problems and opportunities in my country’s (Nigeria) agribusiness supply chain and Enterprise Development. Also to help in the attainment of the national objective of poverty alleviation and food security in my country as envisage by the Agricultural Perspective Plan (APP) through assured and efficient agricultural marketing system. To create environment for incentive price of the farmers at the same time help the consumers in their access to agricultural produces at a comfortable price. To carry out relevant agriculture marketing research activities to support the future marketing policies and programs. To facilitate and support agro entrepreneur’s association for promoting agribusiness and export from Nigeria. To construct and strengthen agriculture marketing infrastructure. Commercialization of the agriculture has been my priority at the recent time which has increased substantial market surplus of various agricultural commodities, like vegetables, fruits, species, cash crops and other agricultural products within the country. With the increase in volume of marketable surplus, t he need for assured market outlet has become very necessary. This calls for improvement is the my overall interest.

Causing Fear And Sorrow English Literature Essay

An of import end of literature is the edifice of a connexion between a work and its audience by working common experiences and their emotional responses. Without these personal investings, a reader can go uninterested, and any message the writer intends to portray may be misunderstood. Within the two plants â€Å" The Raven † by Edgar Allen Poe and â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † by Flannery O'Connor, it is easy to detect the writers ‘ efforts at doing fright and sorrow for the reader by the writers ‘ use of common irrational frights within their Hagiographas. After a thorough scrutiny of important subdivisions within the texts and an probe on how readers may respond to single characters, one can so compare the texts to derive a better grasp of the attempts submitted by the writers to associate to their audiences of today and long ago. Although it could be argued that these writers ‘ mark audiences were merely readers populating at the clip the narratives were drafted, these narratives continue to bring down eerie feelings on the common individual of today. From his ain words, when discoursing â€Å" The Raven † in an essay, Poe explains his purposes for the reader by saying, â€Å" Now, ne'er losing sight of the object supremeness, or flawlessness, at all points, I asked myself – ‘Of all melancholic subjects, what, harmonizing to the cosmopolitan apprehension of world, is the most melancholic? ‘ Death – was the obvious answer † ( Poe 1846 ) . While decease is arguably non the most cheerless subject soon, one will doubtless witness the attempts Poe endured for the interest of the reader as they comprehend this powerful verse form. As decease is a universally understood construct, he creates a narrative that will elicit a reader ‘s emotions by coercing them to retr ieve old experiences or by act uponing them to visualize themselves as the storyteller. By the 2nd stanza of the verse form, Poe brings out the message of decease and sets the plaintive tone of the verse form with the lines, â€Å" From my books cessation of sorrow – sorrow for the lost Lenore – For the rare and beaming maiden whom the angels name Lenore – Nameless here everlastingly more † ( Poe 1016 ) . As one interprets these lines, they imagine a beautiful adult female who has abandoned the talker, or possibly has late passed off. While non straight saying she has died, by proposing her anonymity, Poe pulls at the audience ‘s experience, and makes them inquire if Lenore is now nameless because she has late passed on or if the storyteller is trying to bury her by non leting himself to advert her name any longer, as many in similar state of affairss continue to make. The sorrow of decease continues within the 3rd and 4th poetries. The reader finds that although it is the center of the dark, the talker hears sounds of person knocking at his door, nevertheless as he goes to react to them he discovers nil but darkness outside ( Poe 1016 ) . While the actual actions listed here already intensify the sorrow with an sum of upseting atmosphere, the audience can besides falter upon a nonliteral significance, as though alternatively of a individual strike harding it is really the memory of Lenore trying to come in his head, so rapidly fliting as disconcerting memories frequently do. Since most readers have fought similar conflicts within their ain heads, this subdivision once more battles to take the narrative from the storyteller and attach it to the reader. Traveling on to the 6th and 7th stanzas, the reader stumbles onto uninterrupted tapping. These lines express the tapping is louder and perchance coming from the talker ‘s window ( Poe 1016-1017 ) . The audience is now pulled in two waies as either the tapping is truly go oning and a Corvus corax has really entered into the room, or the memory of Lenore has eventually obtained entryway into the storyteller ‘s head. The two waies both lead the reader to a darkened topographic point as with one, the reader is witnessing an unwelcome animate being within the room, and with the other, the memories the chief character has invariably tried to bury hold begun to thrust ahead into his head and overwhelm him. Within poetries eight through 17, the reader views the storyteller as a adult male in the procedure of traveling huffy, as he begins to talk with the Corvus corax that has entered into the room ( Poe 1017-1018 ) . While the conversation continues, the reader must make up one's mind whether to believe a bird is really in the room and merely the address is imagined, or if the bird and the conversation are both wholly within the head of the talker, and the lunacy expressed is merely some type of internal spiritual argument on the whereabouts of Lenore. In either instance, the reader ‘s emotions are being manipulated purposefully to show the solitariness and unhappiness one faces when they lose a loved one. In the concluding poetry, the reader is once more pulled in two waies. When Poe writes, â€Å" And the lamp-light o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor ; And my psyche from out that shadow that lies drifting on the floor Shall be lifted – nevermore! † ( Poe 1018 ) , he intentionally forces the audience to once more make up one's mind if the full verse form is some type of internal argument or if the storyteller with has been driven insane and committed self-destruction. As the bulk of readers will hold experienced a loss of person stopping point to them to suicide, or may hold contemplated suicide themselves, they will hold the ability to sympathize with the storyteller, and by making so, will be emotionally invested within the verse form. While â€Å" The Raven † is a really nonreversible narrative where the message of decease is delivered by flashing it invariably to the reader, O'Connor ‘s â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † takes the attack suggested by G. W. Thomas by making characters people care about and leting atrocious things to go on to them ( Thomas 3 ) . Interestingly, within the first four pages, O'Connor introduces the household members, but merely allows the grandma and the kids to talk, as they are the characters she wants the audience to link with. To to the full appreciate O'Connor ‘s attempt, one must foremost expose the oddities of these specific characters ‘ personalities. The two kids ( John Wesley and June Star ) come off as spoiled, and as if they starred on â€Å" Childs Say the Darndest Things, † they frequently give uneven comments within their conversations. A twosome of illustrations are John Wesley claiming if caught by The Misfit that he would, â€Å" Smack his face † ( O'Connor 447 ) and June Star ‘s response, â€Å" No I surely wouldn'taˆÂ ¦ I would n't populate in a bedraggled topographic point like this for a million vaulting horses! † ( O'Connor 450 ) , to the adult female at The Tower when she asks June to go her girl. The construct of kids being thankless is evidently non original, but the usage of these kids grants readers something to hate. Furthermore, when the kids are killed by The Misfit ‘s posse at the terminal of the narrative, the audience feels guilt over their abrasiveness of the kids as the decease of kids tends to pique people more than kids misconducting. Beyond the coarse kids, the grandma is the most active character within the narrative, and is invariably trying to pull strings the household to make what she wants. Due to how good O'Connor designed this character, the audience really gets manipulated as good. While the grandma will frequently state something indelicate, the audience rapidly dismisses these comments to her old age and grows closer to her, neglecting to see her mistakes for what they are. This connexion misleads the audience to feeling sorry for the grandma when she is killed, when they should hearten The Misfit for his service to the community. The concluding chief character of the narrative is The Misfit, a inmate who has late escaped prison and leads a group of work forces who finally murder the full household. While a hard-boiled felon is non typically a individual person would openly acknowledge to holding similarities to, O'Connor uses The Misfit ‘s apparently extended yesteryear to make resemblances to the readers. Along with the experiences the audience and The Misfit portion, she grants The Misfit ‘s character with wisdom and a sense of righteousness that the reader appreciates, doing an internal struggle of fright and sorrow when he shoots the grandma at the terminal. By the terminal of the narrative, the reader must make up one's mind for themselves whether The Misfit is so a â€Å" good adult male † or non. A comparing of the two Hagiographas â€Å" The Raven † and â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † is hard to do due to the narratives ‘ differences in manner. However, while their methods differ, both Poe ‘s and O'Connor ‘s narratives are able to lure fright and sorrow for their audiences. In â€Å" The Raven, † Poe relies on a great trade of symbolism to make the reader, while in â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † O'Connor uses well-developed characters to construct connexions to the audience and tortures them through the actions of those characters. Overall, both Poe and O'Connor like an expert navigate the reader ‘s emotions and experiences, doing the reader to contend themselves to happen the messages within the narratives. The end of maintaining an audience from experiencing disinterested in a narrative is a precedence that can merely be accomplished by coercing readers to happen connexions for themselves. With Poe ‘s clever usage of symbolism and O'Connor ‘s investing in character edifice, the two narratives â€Å" The Raven † and â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find † both cause fright and sorrow through the connexions they ‘ve built to the readers. While one may merely read either of these narratives for enjoyment, they can compare the two to derive a better grasp of the writers ‘ attempts, and perchance happen more within the narratives to bask. Plants Sited Poe, Edgar Allen. â€Å" The Philosophy of Composition. † 1846. Graham ‘s Magazine. vol. XXVIII, no. 4 ( 1846 ) :163-167. The Edgar Allen Poe Society of Baltimore. 21 Nov. 2010. Poe, Edgar Allen. â€Å" The Raven. † 1846. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. 7th Edition. Eds. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2008. 1016-1018. O'Connor, Flannery. â€Å" A Good Man is Difficult to Find. † Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. 7th Edition. Eds. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2008. 447-457. Thomas, G.W. â€Å" Scare the heck out of your readers — and other horror-writing tips. † The Writer Apr. 2008: 15. General OneFile. Web. 30 Nov. 2010.

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